Moorish Science Temple of America
Parliamentary Procedure
Lessons
1
Moorish Science Temple of America Effective Meetings
Simplified Parliamentary Procedure
Jefferson’s Manual
The Senate traditionally has not considered Jefferson's Manual of Parliamentary Practice to be its direct authority on parliamentary procedure. However, starting in 1828 the Senate began publishing a version of Jefferson's Manual for their use, removing the Senate Rules from within the text and placing them in a separate section. In 1888, when the Senate initiated publication of the Senate Manual, a copy of Jefferson's Manual was included in each biennial edition. This practice continued until 1977.
The House of Representatives formally incorporated Jefferson's Manual into its rules in 1837, stipulating that the manual "should govern the House in all cases to which they are applicable and in which they are not inconsistent with the standing rules and order of the House and the joint rules of the Senate and the House of Representatives." Since then, the House has regularly printed an abridged version of the Manual in its publication entitled Constitution, Jefferson's Manual, and Rules of the House of Representatives.
Jefferson's Manual was based on notes Jefferson took while studying parliamentary procedure at the College of William and Mary.[2] A second edition with added material by Jefferson was printed in 1812.
Parliamentary procedure. Sound complicated? Controlling? Boring? Intimidating? Why do we need to know all those rules for conducting a meeting? Why can’t we just run the meetings however we want to? Who cares if we follow parliamentary procedure?
How many times have you attended a meeting that ran on and on and didn’t accomplish anything? The meeting jumps from one topic to another without deciding on anything. Group members disrupt the meeting with their own personal agendas. Arguments erupt. A few people make all the decisions and ignore everyone else’s opinions. Everyone leaves the meeting feeling frustrated. Sound familiar? Then a little parliamentary procedure may just be the thing to turn your unproductive, frustrating meetings into a thing of beauty — or at least make them more enjoyable and productive.
What is Parliamentary Procedure?
Parliamentary procedure is a set of well proven rules designed to move business along in a meeting while maintaining order and controlling the communications process. Its purpose is to help groups accomplish their tasks through an orderly, democratic process. Parliamentary procedure is not intended to inhibit a meeting with unnecessary rules or to prevent people from expressing their opinions. It is intended to facilitate the smooth functioning of the meeting and promote cooperation and harmony among members.
The rules of parliamentary procedure are guidelines, not hard and fast laws. Robert’s Rules of Order, the most commonly used system of parliamentary procedure, is more than 300 pages. There are many aspects of parliamentary procedure which you will never use. Pick and choose what best fits the task at hand.
This booklet takes a “practical” approach to parliamentary procedure. We relax the rules a little in order to make meetings a little more spontaneous and social. For a stricter interpretation of parliamentary procedure, you may want to refer to one of the reference books or Web sites listed at the end of this booklet.
When is Parliamentary Procedure Necessary?
Formal rules of procedure usually become more important as groups become larger or more diverse, issues become more controversial or complex, or the stakes involved become more significant. Procedural rules should always be seen as a means to an end, not an end in themselves. The important thing is for the group to remain focused on its objectives and reach decisions while allowing everyone to participate and be heard. A small group may be able to work effectively without any formal rules if no one tries to dominate the meeting and members treat each other’s viewpoints with respect.
When is Parliamentary Procedure Necessary? Formal rules of procedure usually become more important as groups become larger or more diverse, issues become more controversial or complex, or the stakes involved become more significant. Procedural rules should always be seen as a means to an end, not an end in themselves. The important thing is for the group to remain focused on its objectives and reach decisions while allowing everyone to participate and be heard. A small group may be able to work effectively without any formal rules if no one tries to dominate the meeting and members treat each other’s viewpoints with respect. When is Parliamentary Procedure Necessary? Formal rules of procedure usually become more important as groups become larger or more diverse, issues become more controversial or complex, or the stakes involved become more significant. Procedural rules should always be seen as a means to an end, not an end in themselves. The important thing is for the group to remain focused on its objectives and reach decisions while allowing everyone to participate and be heard. A small group may be able to work effectively without any formal rules if no one tries to dominate the meeting and members treat each other’s viewpoints with respect. When is Parliamentary Procedure Necessary? Formal rules of procedure usually become more important as groups become larger or more diverse, issues become more controversial or complex, or the stakes involved become more significant. Procedural rules should always be seen as a means to an end, not an end in themselves. The important thing is for the group to remain focused on its objectives and reach decisions while allowing everyone to participate and be heard. A small group may be able to work effectively without any formal rules if no one tries to dominate the meeting and members treat each other’s viewpoints with respect.
Principals of Parliamentary Procedure
Parliamentary procedure is based upon a few simple principles:
1. Only one issue can be discussed at a time.
2. All members have equal and basic rights — the right to vote, the right to be heard, and the right to oppose.
3. The rights of the minority must be protected.
4. No member can speak until recognized by the chairperson.
5. Every member can speak to the issue on the floor; however, no one can speak a second time as long as another wants to speak a first-time.
6. A majority vote decides an issue.
7. The chairperson is strictly impartial
The Chairperson
The chairperson has the success or failure of the meeting riding on his or her shoulders. He or she should be thoroughly familiar with all the business to be dealt with at the meeting, including committee reports and business held over from previous meetings. The chairperson must be sensitive to the physical, informational, and social needs of the members.
Under the rules of parliamentary procedure, the chairperson has absolute control over the meeting. No one can speak without being recognized by the chairperson. This power comes with a great deal of responsibility. The chair must at all times conduct the meeting impartially and stay on top of the agenda. She or he must be familiar with parliamentary procedure in order to keep the discussion moving and know when to take a vote without someone having to “call for the question.”
Order of Business — The Agenda
The chair is usually responsible for preparing the agenda (the items of business to be discussed) and distributing it to the members well in advance of the meeting. The members have the responsibility to propose agenda items to the chair before the meeting. The exact details and order of the agenda should be decided by the group. The following is a typical format.
1. Call to Order
2. Roll Call (if appropriate)
3. Adoption of the Agenda Approval of Minutes from Previous Meeting
4. Reports of Officers (listed)
5. Reports of Committees (listed)
6. Unfinished Business (listed)
7. New Business (listed)
8. Announcements (listed)
9. Adjournment
1. Call to Order:
The chairperson begins the meeting at the published time by saying something such as “The meeting will now come to order.”
2. Roll Call:
Roll call is a legal requirement for some local government boards and commissions. The minutes must list the names of those present and absent. Some boards and commissions have taken the additional step of indicating in the minutes the time late members arrive (it helps get people there on time!). The meeting secretary usually conducts the role call. Civic organizations and community groups may not need to record members present by taking roll call.
3. Adoption of the Agenda:
It is a good practice to send members a copy of the tentative agenda in advance of the meeting so they can prepare for the meeting. If this is not possible, the tentative agenda should be given to the members when they arrive at the meeting. A meeting without an agenda usually ends up as no meeting at all!
Many official government bodies are required to publicize their agendas by informing the news media and posting agendas in a public place prior to the meeting. Government bodies should never add potentially controversial items to the agenda after it is published.
When the meeting starts, the chairperson should ask if anyone has items to place on the agenda. After these have been added, the chair should call for a motion to adopt the agenda. A member should, “Move that the agenda be adopted.” A second is required. A simple majority vote restricts the business of the meeting to the items listed on the agenda. After the agenda has been adopted, it takes a two-thirds majority vote to change it.
Less formal community groups don’t need to formally adopt the agenda. If an agenda is approved by majority vote, however, it can only be changed by a formal motion to do so. This prevents members from introducing new business without prior warning.
4. Approval of Minutes from Previous Meeting:
Reading meeting minutes during the meeting is a time waster. Minutes should be sent out (with the agenda) for members to read prior to the meeting. Unless there is a disagreement regarding the minutes, it is not necessary for a motion or a vote to accept the minutes. The chairperson can simply declare them approved. “Are there any additions or corrections to the minutes?” If there are no corrections, the chairperson can say, “There being no corrections to the minutes of (date) meeting, the minutes are approved as printed ( or “ . . . approved as amended”).
5. Reports of Officers:
Typically the officers will make brief reports on the group’s business that has transpired since the last meeting. These may include the treasurer, secretary, chairperson, vice chairperson, publicity chairperson, etc. If the officers do not have any information to report, they should not be listed on the agenda. The chairperson should not have to ask each officer if he or she has anything to report.
The annual treasurer’s report should have a motion to adopt, a second, and a vote. Monthly treasurer’s reports do not necessarily need to be officially adopted but should be part of the official minutes of the meeting. If a treasurer’s report has not been audited or reviewed, it may be wise for the organization to simply record the report in the minutes rather than officially approve it.
6. Reports of Committees:
Prior to the meeting, the chairperson should check with any committees to see what progress they are making and to find out if they want time on the agenda to make a report. When possible, committee reports should be written. To make the secretary’s job easier, written reports may be attached later to the meeting’s minutes.
After the committee chairperson has made a few comments and answered questions about the report, motions may be received from the floor dealing with the substance of the report. A second is required for any action. Note, however, that a committee’s report need not be adopted. An affirmative vote on a motion to adopt the whole report has the effect of endorsing every word of the report. More frequently, a motion will pertain to some specific action recommended by the report and not deal with the whole report itself.
The chair may want to wait until all committee reports have been given before allowing any motions to be made on any of the recommendations. One committee’s recommendations may affect the recommendations of another committee.
7. Unfinished Business (list of items):
Items pending from previous meetings are called “old” or “unfinished” business. The chairperson may want to provide a brief history of the item or call upon someone else to do it.
8. New Business (list of items):
“New business is now in order.” Items listed under “new business” will be discussed in the order they appear on the agenda. Items not on the agenda cannot be discussed unless the agenda is amended. Amending the agenda requires a motion, a second, and a two-thirds vote.
9. Announcements (list of items):
Frequently members and committee chairs will want to make special announcements. The chairperson should call on people to make announcements in the order listed on the agenda. Strictly speaking, if the item is not on the agenda, the person should not be allowed to make an announcement.
10. Adjournment:
When the last agenda item is reached, the chairperson should entertain a motion to adjourn the meeting. Someone will “move to adjourn.” A second is required. The motion cannot be amended or discussed. A simple majority vote is required for passage. If passed, the chairperson announces that the meeting is officially adjourned. Bang the gavel, if you have one.
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